First, there's "manual adjustment," suitable for simple, small extruders. This method is intuitive; the machine has a dedicated speed adjustment knob marked with the speed range (e.g., 0-100 rpm). To speed up, turn it clockwise; to slow down, turn it counter-clockwise. For example, in small workshops producing small plastic parts, the raw materials and product requirements are relatively simple. Workers rely on experience to turn the knob, observe the extruded product's condition, and lock the knob when they feel it's about right. The advantages of this method are its simplicity, low cost, and lack of complex equipment; the disadvantages are its lack of precision, susceptibility to voltage fluctuations, and the need for constant worker monitoring, making long-term stable operation impossible.
Second, there's "frequency converter adjustment," now used in most extruders. Its core is the "frequency converter," which acts like a "smart speed controller," converting the fixed voltage of the power grid into an adjustable voltage to control the motor's speed. For example, if the screw is set to rotate 50 revolutions per minute, the frequency converter automatically adjusts the motor's voltage and frequency to stabilize the speed at 50 revolutions per minute. Even if the power grid voltage fluctuates, it compensates promptly, preventing speed deviations. The advantages of this method are high precision (error can be controlled within 1%) and "soft start"—allowing the screw to accelerate gradually, preventing sudden speed spikes that could impact the machine with the raw material, thus protecting the equipment's lifespan. Currently, medium-sized extruders used in feed and pipe production primarily employ frequency conversion regulation.
Finally, there's "intelligent linkage regulation," suitable for large-scale automated production lines. This method doesn't just adjust the speed of individual components, but rather links multiple parameters such as screw speed, feeding speed, and heating temperature together. For example, the production line has a dedicated control system. After inputting product requirements, the system automatically calculates the appropriate screw speed and feeding speed. If the raw material's moisture content changes, the system will automatically fine-tune the speed—for instance, if the raw material becomes wetter, the screw speed will be slightly slowed down to allow more time for dehydration. For example, in large-scale plastic pipe production lines, from raw material input to product extrusion, the entire process relies on an intelligent system to control the speed, eliminating the need for manual intervention. This ensures product quality and enables 24-hour continuous production.
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